ألَسْتُ أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفسهم؟ قالوا بلى يارسول الله.
قال: من كنت مولاه فعلي مولاه. اللهم وال من والاه و عاد من عاداه.
Some of the Sunni references:
(1) Sahih Tirmidhi, v2, p298, v5, p63
(2) Sunan Ibn Maja, v1, pp 12,43
(3) Khasa’is, by al-Nisa’i, pp 4,21
(4) al-Mustadrak, by al-Hakim, v2, p129, v3, pp 109-110,116,371
(5) Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v1, pp 84,118,119,152,330, v4, pp 281,368,370, 372,378, v5, pp 35,347,358,361,366,419 (from 40 chains of narrators)
(6) Fada’il al-Sahaba, by Ahmad Hanbal, v2, pp 563,572
(7) Majma’ al-Zawa’id, by al-Haythami, v9, p103 (from several transmitters)
(8) Tafsir al-Kabir, by Fakhr al-Razi, v12, pp 49-50
(9) Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthur, by al-Hafiz Jalaluddin al-Suyuti, v3, p19
(10) Tarikh al-Khulafa, by al-Suyuti, pp 169,173
(11) al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah, by Ibn Kathir, v3, p213, v5, p208
(12) Usdul Ghabah, by Ibn Athir, v4, p114
(13) Mushkil al-Athar, by al-Tahawi, v2, pp 307-308
(14) Habib al-Siyar, by Mir Khand, v1, part 3, p144
(15) Sawaiq al-Muhriqah, by Ibn Hajar al-Haythami, p26
(16) al-Isabah, by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, v2, p509; v1, part1, p319, v2, part1, p57, v3, part1, p29, v4, part 1, pp 14,16,143
(17) Tabarani, who narrated from companions such as Ibn Umar, Malik Ibn al-Hawirath, Habashi Ibn Junadah, Jari, Sa’d Ibn Abi Waqqas, Anas Ibn Malik, Ibn Abbas, Amarah,Buraydah,…
(18) Tarikh, by al-Khatib Baghdadi, v8, p290
(19) Hilyatul Awliya’, by al-Hafiz Abu Nu’aym, v4, p23, v5, pp26-27
(20) al-Istiab, by Ibn Abd al-Barr, Chapter of word “ayn”(‘Ali), v2, p462
(21) Kanzul Ummal, by al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, v6, pp 154,397
(22) al-Mirqat, v5, p568
(23) al-Riyad al-Nadirah, by al-Muhib al-Tabari, v2, p172
(24) Dhaka’ir al-Uqba, by al-Muhib al-Tabari, p68
(25) Faydh al-Qadir, by al-Manawi, v6, p217
(26) Yanabi’ al-Mawaddah, by al-Qudoozi al-Hanafi, p297 … And hundreds more. Please see part 3 for more classified references (traditionists, historians, and commentators).
The above was just a part of speech of the Prophet (S). For a more detailed speech of the Prophet, please see the end of this part.
Revelation Of Verse 5:3
Immediately after the Prophet (S) finished his speech, the following verse of Holy Qur’an was revealed:
“Today I have perfected your religion and completed my bounty upon you, and I was satisfied that Islam be your religion.”(Qur’an 5:3)
Some of Sunni references which mentioned the revelation of the above verse of Qur’an in Ghadir Khum after the speech of the Prophet:
(1) Al-Durr al-Manthur, by al-Hafiz Jalaluddin al-Suyuti, v3, p19
(2) Tarikh, by Khatib al-Baghdadi, v8, pp 290,596 from Abu Hurayra
(3) Manaqaib, by Ibn Maghazali, p19
(4) History of Damascus, Ibn Asakir, v2, p75
(5) al-Itqan, by al-Suyuti, v1, p13
(6) Manaqib, by Khawarazmi al-Hanfi, p80
(7) Al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah, by Ibn Kathir, v3, p213
(8) Yanabi’ Al-Mawaddah, by al-Qudoozi al-Hanafi, p115
(9) Nuzul Al-Qur’an, by Al-Hafiz Abu Nu’aym narrated on the authority Abu Sa’id Khudri.
… and more.
The above verse clearly indicates that Islam without clearing up matter of leadership after Prophet was not complete, and completion of religion was due to announcement of Prophet’s immediate successor.
Oath Of Allegiance
After his speech, the Messenger of Allah asked every body to give the oath of allegiance to ‘Ali (as) and congratulate him. Among those who gave him the oath were Umar, Abu Bakr, and Uthman. It is narrated that Umar and Abu Bakr said:
“Well done Ibn Abi Talib! Today you became the leader (Mawla) of all believing men and women.”
Sunni references:
(1) Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v4, p281
(2) Tafsir al-Kabir, by Fakhr Al-Razi, v12, pp 49-50
(3) Mishkat al-Masabih, by Al-Khatib al-Tabrizi, p557
(4) Habib al-Siyar, by Mir Khand, v1, part3, p144
(5) Kitabul Wilayah, by Ibn Jarir Al-Tabari
(6) Al-Musannaf, by Ibn Abi Shaybah
(7) Al-Musnad, by Abu Ya’ala
(8) Hadith al-Wilayah, by Ahmad Ibn `Uqdah
(9) Tarikh, by Khatib Al-Baghdadi, v8, pp 290,596 from Abu Hurayra … and more.
The Number Of People In Ghadir Khum
It was Allah’s will that an increased popularity is associated with this tradition via the tongs of narrators and over the times. So that there is a standing proof for the guiding Imam (peace be upon him). Allah (SWT) ordered His Prophet (PBUH) to notify people at a time of crowded populous so that all become the narrators of the tradition, while they exceeded a hundred thousand.
Narrated by Zaid Ibn Arqam: Abul-Tufail said: “I heard it from the Messenger of Allah, and there was no one (there) unless he saw him with his eyes and heard him with his ears.”
Sunni reference:
(1) Al-Khasa’is, by Al-Nisa’i, P21;
(2) Al-Dhahabi said it is sahih (authentic), as said in:
(3) History of Ibn Kathir, v5, p208
It is also narrated that:
“The Messenger of Allah called at the height of his voice.”
Sunni reference: Manaqib Al-Khawarizmi, by Al-Khawarizmi, p94
“There were with the Messenger (S) from the companions, Arabs, residents around Mecca and Medina one hundred and twenty thousand (120,000) and they are those who were present in the Farewell Pilgrimage and heard this speech.”
Sunni reference: Manaqib, by Ibn Al-Jawzi
Some Sunni commentators further claim that the first three verse of the chapter of al-Ma’arij (70:1-3) was revealed when a dispute arose after Prophet (PBUH) reached Medina. It is recorded that:
On the day of Ghadir the Messenger of Allah (SWT) summoned the people toward ‘Ali (AS) and said: “‘Ali (AS) is the Mawla of whom I am Mawla.”The news spread quickly all over urban and rural areas. When Harith Ibn Nu’man Al-Fahri (or Nadhr Ibn Harith according to another tradition) came to know of it, he rode his camel and came to Medina and went to the Messenger of Allah (SWT) and said to him: “You commanded us to testify that there is no deity but Allah (SWT) and that you are the Messenger of Allah (SWT).
We obeyed you. You ordered us to perform the prayers five times a day and we obeyed. You ordered us to observe fasts during the month of Ramadhan and we obeyed. Then you commanded us to offer pilgrimage to Mecca and we obeyed. But you are not satisfied with all this and you raised your cousin by your hand and imposed him upon us as our master by saying `’Ali (AS) is the Mawla of whom I am Mawla.’ Is this imposition from Allah (SWT) or from You?” The Prophet (PBUH) said: “By Allah who is the only deity! This is from Allah (SWT), Mighty and the Glorious.”
On hearing this Harith turned back and proceeded towards his she-camel saying: “O’ Allah (SWT)! If what Muhammad said is correct then fling on us a stone from the sky and subject us to severe pain and torture.”
He had not reached his she-camel when Allah (SWT), who is above all defects flung at him a stone which struck him on his head, penetrated his body and passed out through his lower body and left him dead. It was on this occasion that Allah (SWT), the exalted, caused to descend the following verses:
“A questioner questioned about the punishment to fall. For the disbelievers there is nothing to avert it, from Allah the Lord of the Ascent.”(70:1-3)
Sunni references:
(1) Tafsir Al-Tha’labi, by Is’haq Al-Tha’labi, commentary of verse 70:1-3 from two chain of narrators.
(2) Noor Al-Absar, by Shablanji, P4
(3) Al-Fusool al-Muhimmah, by Ibn Sabbagh Al-Maliki Al-Makki, p25
(4) Al-Sirah Al-Halabiyah, by Noor Al-Din Al-Halabi, v2, p214
(5) Arjah Al-Matalib
(6) Nazhat Al-Mujalis from Al-Qurtubi
Source: A Shi’ite Encyclopedia published by Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project
www.shafaqna.com
